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92 articles for “External factors”
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Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Cast iron due to Bio-organism
Abstract: Cast iron is a high tensile strength metal. It is generally used for making tools, pipe fitting, electrical fitting equipment and rail track. It interacts with corrosive substances to develop electrochemical cell on their interface. Corrosive substances are acids, bases, salts, bio-wastes, particulates and pollutants. These substances produce hostile medium for materials. These harmful wastes discharge by industries, households, agricultural, urbanization, development of infrastructure, construction works, thermal power stations, hydropower, …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 105–114 Read article
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Safety of Structure
Abstract: The thickness of structural components is a vital factor in ensuring their durability and stability under various load conditions. In this study, the material thickness is first determined through the application of bending equations, which are used to analyze regions where bending forces are most significant. The bending stress generated by external loads is considered to calculate the required thickness to prevent failure under such stresses. Additionally, the effect of …
Published in Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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A Critical Review of the CBDRM Project in District Charsadda
Abstract: Pakistan, being a least developed and economically sluggish country, cannot widely support and implement the community projects for its nation. Community development projects in Pakistan mostly rely on foreign aids. The agenda behind this support to the least developed countries is to facilitate them in achieving the millennium development goals. The charter of United Nations also encourages the promotion of social progress and better standards of life by the employment …
Published in Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 19–22 Read article
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Global Supply Chain Agility Through ERP Systems: A Decision Support Model for Emerging Economies
Abstract: In today’s highly dynamic and interconnected global markets, supply chain agility—the capacity to sense environmental changes and respond rapidly and effectively—has emerged as a critical success factor. This is particularly significant for firms operating in emerging economies, where market volatility, infrastructural limitations, policy uncertainties, and resource constraints pose persistent challenges. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, with their ability to integrate cross-functional processes, centralize data, and provide real-time decision-making support, offer …
Published in Journal of Production Research & Management · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 31–37 Read article
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An Automated Smart Contract Repair Framework for Reentrancy, Integer Overflow, and Denial- of-Service Vulnerabilities
Abstract: This paper introduces a novel static analysis framework designed to bridge a long-standing gap in Ethereum smart contract security: the disconnect between vulnerability detection and automated remediation. Although widely adopted tools such as Slither and Oyente are highly effective at identifying security weaknesses, they stop short of providing actionable fixes. As a result, developers manually patch vulnerabilities, a process that is not only time-consuming but also susceptible to human error …
Published in Journal of Computer Technology & Applications · Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 31–41 Read article
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Optimizing the Performance of Free Space Optical Channel at 1550 nm Wavelength
Abstract: Free space optical channel (FSO) provides better features than other available communication channels. Some of them are better wireless connectivity, easy establishment and high bandwidth. Despite of these advantages there are some parameters on which the system needs to be evaluated to analyse the performance. There are some external effects as well as system parameters that can affect the performance of free space optical system. Some of the effects that …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Space Science & Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 25–30 Read article
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Nanomaterials and Their Effects on the Environment: Analyzing Widespread Use
Abstract: Due to the need and uses of nanoparticles in a wide variety of fields of human activity, including industry, agriculture, commerce, medical, and public health, there has been a significant uptick in interest in nanotechnology among the general populace. Because of the inevitability of environmental exposure to nanomaterials as a consequence of their increasing incorporation into our everyday lives, more and more focus is being placed on the study of …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 97–103 Read article
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Concept of Kshudraroga in Brihattrayi and Laghuttrayi
Abstract: AbstractChanges in lifestyle like excess pollution, use of synthetic chemicals, and also improper diet due to hectic schedule have increased number of patients with diseases like Khalitya and Palitya. In today’s sophisticated society, external features like hair and skin decide the status of the person and make one more conscious about them. Nowadays, occurrence of a few Kshudrarogas is very high in the society. Their prevalence is experienced everywhere and …
Published in Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 14–23 Read article
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Silent Submarine Propulsion with High-Efficiency Magnetohydrodynamic Drive
Abstract: Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) propulsion is an exciting technology that can be easily incorporated into a new submarine or existing one can also be upgraded by replacing the propeller drive with a MHD drive without difficulty. This new technology would provide many advantages like a stealth operation, no cavitation, greater maneuverability, increased payload, addition of an emergency drive system, etc. The design of an MHD motor is very simple and consists of …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 41–55 Read article
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Experimental Investigation of Hematite Fines Reduction to Magnetite with Coal and Coke Fines
Abstract: In this current investigation, we aimed to comprehensively examine how various key processing parameters influence the reduction of hematite particles enveloped by coal and coke fines. This reduction process took place in an externally heated cylindrical steel container, which we will call the "work tube." This work tube had a diameter of 70 mm and a height of 300 mm and was situated within a pot furnace. For the experimentation, …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Ensuring Pipeline Longevity: Key Factors for Durability in the Oil and Gas Industry
Abstract: This article explores the durability of pipes in the oil and gas industry, focusing on critical aspects such as remaining life, anti-wax coatings, life extension strategies, and the implications of oil spills and leaks. Corrosion is identified as a significant threat to pipeline integrity, influenced by various corrosive substances. Standards like API 581 and API 571 help assess corrosion rates and remaining life of pipelines transporting different crude oils. Additionally, …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 19–24 Read article
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Robust Fruit/Vegetable Quality Assessment Using Nondestructive Textural Distortion Analysis
Abstract: A nondestructive approach for fruit quality assessment is outlined in this paper. An x-ray based image analysis for the internal quality assessment is presented. The quality assessment with external inspection is constraint only to the shape ,color and texture, the quality analysis for the internal effects were not possible. The Nondestructive approach using an x-ray image of a testing sample is processed, where the textural spectral variation and pattern distortion …
Published in Journal of Image Processing & Pattern Recognition Progress · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 38–47 Read article
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Modulation of Receptor Proteins: A Recent Paradigm in Drug Discovery and Target
Abstract: The main aim in drug discovery is to design different ligands those work on specific drug targets. However, various effective drugs work through the modulation of many proteins than single target. Advancement in system biology are establishing a phenotypic strength and a network structure, which suggests that, the excellent selective compounds may be performed less than desired clinical efficacy in comparison to multi-target drugs. In this new appreciation of the …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 14–24 Read article
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Brief Review of Fault Detection and Classification in Induction Motor
Abstract: Induction motors are operating as the support system for each industry. But like every different machine, due to serious duty cycles, poor operating atmosphere, installation and manufacturing factors, they gradually slow down or sometimes fail. That is why, diagnosis methods that are competent to sense the motor failures are necessary in order to increase the safety and the performances of with increasing needs for reliability and efficiency, the field of …
Published in Journal of Experimental & Applied Mechanics · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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A Scrutiny on Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Backing through IT
Abstract: Coronaviruses are a group of enveloped contagions with on-segmented, single-stranded, and positivesense RNA genomes. Six coronaviruses have been known to infect mortal hosts and cause respiratory conditions after infecting a variety of economically important invertebrates (such as gormandizers and cravens). Among them, several acute respiratory pattern coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory pattern coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are zoometric and largely pathogenic coronaviruses that have rebounded in indigenous and global outbreaks Coronaviruses …
Published in Recent Trends in Programming languages · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 15–23 Read article
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Critical Appraisal of Parasitological Disorders in Ayurveda with Special Reference to Krimi Roga
Abstract: Description of parasitological disorders in Ayurveda is in a haphazard shape and it is described in various chapters in a scattered form. Significant contribution for the understanding of parasitological diseases has been made by Ayurvedic Acharyas. Since the Vedic period, the Indian physicians have been well aware of the presence of micro-organisms. They described the etiological factors very vividly but nowhere they have mentioned the parasites responsible for the manifestation …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Medicine · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2012 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Advanced Lithium-Ion Battery Prognostics: A Comprehensive Review of Machine Learning Approaches for Remaining Useful Life Prediction
Abstract: The lithium-ion battery (LIB), as one of the main sources for portable power systems, has been increasingly popular owing to its widespread applications in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, aerospace and renewable energy. Despite their advantages in high energy density and long cycle life, LIBs suffer from degradation over time of aging and cycling, resulting in loss of performance, safety issues, and economic bottlenecks. Predicting their Remaining Useful Life (RUL) is …
Published in International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Systems Analysis · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 12–27 Read article
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Drug-likeness and 3D-QSAR Analysis of 1,2,3-triazoles as Novel Potent HIV-1 Vif Inhibitors: An approach in the development of Leads in the Treatment of HIV Infection
Abstract: AbstractThe human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vif protein is one of various primate lentiviral accessory proteins that act as a virulence factor to advance viral duplication and persistence. 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling of thirty-six (36) newly discovered 1,2,3-triazole analogs as potent novel inhibitors of HIV-1 Vif to predict their biological activity (pIC50), to try to improve/optimize it using some numerical data of HIV-1 Vif inhibitors based on …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 23–37 Read article
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Employee Well-Being: Deep Learning Approaches to Stress Detection
Abstract: Stress has become a major concern for employee health, productivity, and overall well-being in today's fast-paced work environment. It is a growing global issue, affecting both individual employees and the productivity of organizations. Work-related stress occurs when the demands of a job surpass an individual's ability to manage, whether because of long hours, overwhelming responsibilities, or other pressures. Factors such as conflicts with coworkers or supervisors, constant changes, and job …
Published in Journal of Mobile Computing, Communications & Mobile Networks · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 52–58 Read article
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Occupational Stress and Locus of Control among Print Media Journalists
Abstract: The present study is conducted to study the level of occupational stress and Locus of control among Print media journalists with less than and more than five years of work experience. The study is adopted 2X2 factorial design. A purposive sample of 120 print media journalists between 25 to 40 years of age is selected for the study. The result of the study is indicated no significant gender difference in …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 39–56 Read article