All articles
106 articles
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Aspergillus Oryzae: Multifunctional Powerhouse Revolutionizing Food Industries and Gut Health
Abstract: Aspergillus oryzae, commonly known as “Koji mold,” is a filamentous fungus extensively utilized in various food industries due to its robust enzymatic activity and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status. This review explores its diverse applications, focusing on its role in fermented food production, enzyme generation, and contributions to gut health. In the production of fermented foods, such as soy sauce, miso, and sake, A. oryzae serves as a crucial …
Published in International Journal of Fungi · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 1–17 Read article
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Investigating the Role of Moisture in the Physical Properties of Harra (Terminalia chebula) Fruit
Abstract: Harra (Terminalia chebula) is known as the “king of medicines” in Ayurveda. Its fruits include astringent, purgative, antibacterial, antifungal, and laxative effects. The behavior of harra fruit is mainly dependent on the moisture present. It affects the harvest, post-harvest machinery, separation, packaging, and transportation of harra fruit. This study focused on T’s physical qualities of chebula fresh fruit at 20%–25% (wb) moisture content, such as 50 fruit mass, length, width, …
Published in Emerging Trends in Metabolites · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 11–19 Read article
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The Therapeutic Potential of Nutraceutical in Diabetes Management: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: Diabetes is a long-term and complex condition characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from inadequate insulin production, ineffective insulin function, or a combination of both. Various nutraceuticals used in clinical settings have shown beneficial impacts on a range of biochemical and clinical markers related to diabetes. In many traditional medical systems, hypoglycemic agents derived from plants are used to treat, manage, and prevent diabetes mellitus. These plant extracts have …
Published in Emerging Trends in Metabolites · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 20–27 Read article
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Pros and Cons of Adopting Artificial Diet for Silkworms
Abstract: Silkworms (Bombyx mori L.) were renowned for their ability to produce silk fibers and have played an essential role in the textile industry for thousands of years. Traditionally, these insects have been raised on mulberry leaves which provide them with the necessary nutrients to grow and spin silk. However, in recent years, advancements in agricultural and industrial practices have led to the development of artificial diets for silkworms. These synthetic …
Published in International Journal of Insects · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 7–11 Read article
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Host Suitability of Trichogrammatoidea Bactrae Nagaraja on Different Host Eggs
Abstract: Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatoidea) is a highly effective egg parasitoid for controlling lepidopteran pests. This study evaluates its host suitability and biological characteristics across various lepidopteran eggs, specifically Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). The results indicate that T. bactrae shows the highest parasitization rates on C. cephalonica, …
Published in International Journal of Insects · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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A Review Article on Spice up the Solution of Inflammation Through Phytomedicines
Abstract: Inflammation is a complex, protective immune response essential for healing and combating infection. However, prolonged inflammation is associated with chronic diseases, such as arthritis, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and neurodegenerative conditions. Traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids can exhibit adverse effects, particularly with chronic administration. This challenge has encouraged the exploration of natural alternatives. Among various natural anti-inflammatory agents, spices, such as ginger, garlic, turmeric, cardamom, and black pepper have …
Published in Emerging Trends in Metabolites · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Preserving Saccharomyces cerevisiae Culture for Bee Health and Production
Abstract: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a single-celled fungus also known as baker’s and brewer’s yeast, is extensively used in brewing, baking, and winemaking due to its robust genetics and utility as a model organism in scientific research. Its role extends beyond these applications into apiculture, where it is utilized to produce supplements and pollen replacements for honeybees. These yeast-based supplements are crucial, especially during times of pollen scarcity or colony stress, as they …
Published in International Journal of Insects · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 23–27 Read article
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Ants in Ecosystems and Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: Nearly 60% of the world’s habitats are underutilized. And current agricultural practices are blamed for contributing to soil carbon depletion and biodiversity loss. Climate change, habitat fragmentation, and other challenges hinder species development, leading to projected shifts in species distribution. This calls for alternative management strategies. The organizational structure of social insects, especially ants, offers a model for improved ants account for half of all insect biomass. It plays an …
Published in International Journal of Insects · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 15–22 Read article
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Harnessing the Potential of Insectivorous Birds in Managing the Rice Leaf Folder, Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis in Paddy Ecosystems of Kerala
Abstract: This study evaluates the effectiveness of various treatments for managing leaf folder pests in rice crops during the maximum tillering stage, focusing on the role of insectivorous birds. The treatments included bird perches (T1), nylon nets (T2), Bt spray (T3), a combination of bird perch and Bt spray (T4), flubendiamide spray (T5), and a control group (T6). Results indicated significant differences in pest densities. T2 showed the highest mean density …
Published in International Journal of Insects · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 6–9 Read article
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An illustration of review on Morphology and Medicinal aspects of Mushroom Cultivated worldwide
Abstract: Mushrooms are accepted as a superfood that provides a high content of nutrients. It offers many health benefits. Mushrooms can be enjoyed at various times but including them as part of a balanced meal in our daily routine. The consumption of mushrooms is becoming popular day by day as an unbalanced diet of people in developing countries. Fresh mushrooms, reported to have a high water content, are an effective way …
Published in International Journal of Fungi · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 42–48 Read article
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Causes and Measures to Control Root Rot Fungus in Mulberry Ecosystem
Abstract: Root rot is a severe plant disease caused by various soil-borne fungi, including Phytophthora sp., Pythium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Fusarium sp., and Armillaria sp. These pathogens attack plant roots, leading to decay, stunted growth, wilting, yellowing leaves, and plant death. Root rot typically develops in waterlogged soils with poor drainage, as these conditions create an environment favorable for fungal growth. Factors such as warm temperatures, compacted soil, improper watering practices, …
Published in International Journal of Fungi · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 36–41 Read article
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Defensive Mechanisms and Key Strategies with Its Specified Role in Mulberry Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)
Abstract: Silkworms (Bombyx mori L.) possess a variety of defense mechanisms that play a vital role in protecting them against microbial infections and environmental stressors. These defense systems are primarily innate, relying on cellular and humoral responses. Cellular defenses include hemocytes which are responsible for processes like phagocytosis, encapsulation, and nodule formation. Humoral responses involve the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMP’s), such as cecropins, moricins, and lysozymes, which target invading pathogens. …
Published in International Journal of Insects · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 10–14 Read article
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Silkworm Growth and Silk Yield under Changing Climatic Conditions: Challenges and Adaptations
Abstract: Climate change is emerging as a critical factor affecting agriculture and sericulture industries worldwide. Rising global temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns, and the growing frequency of extreme weather events present ever challenges to the growth and productivity of silkworms (Bombyx mori L.). Silkworms are extremely sensitive to environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, and photoperiod, all altered by climate change. Higher temperatures can accelerate silkworm metabolism, reduce silk yield, and increase susceptibility …
Published in International Journal of Insects · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis During Metabolic Disorders: Diabetes
Abstract: Understanding the intricate interplay between gut microbiome dysbiosis and diabetes is crucial due to the escalating prevalence and impact of diabetes mellitus globally. This comprehensive review examines the current understanding of this relationship, elucidating how alterations in the gut microbiome composition contribute to diabetes pathogenesis by influencing metabolic homeostasis, immune regulation, and insulin resistance. Dysregulation of gut microbial communities leads to shifts in diversity and abundance, exacerbating chronic low-grade inflammation …
Published in Emerging Trends in Metabolites · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 56–75 Read article
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Comparative Analysis of Bioactive Phytochemical Profiles of Moringa Oleifera and Aegle Marmelos Grown in Bundelkhand
Abstract: A comparative analysis of the bioactive phytochemical profiles of Moringa oleifera and Aegle marmelos grown in the Bundelkhand region was conducted to explore their potential health benefits. These properties make healing plants valuable in herbal medicine, supporting various aspects of health and well-being. The study aimed to determine the differences in the concentrations of bioactive compounds such as phenolic, flavonoids, alkaloids, and vitamins C and E in the leaves and …
Published in Emerging Trends in Metabolites · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 14–24 Read article
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Secondary Metabolites in Drug Development: Tracing Their Historical and Therapeutic Impact
Abstract: Secondary metabolites, also known as natural products, exhibit a level of structural and chemical diversity unmatched by synthetic small molecule libraries. These compounds, which have evolved to possess drug-like properties, continue to be a primary source for new medications and drug leads. Their discovery has significantly impacted advancements in chemistry, biology, and medicine, influencing drug development and therapeutic strategies throughout history. Derived from primary metabolic pathways such as photosynthesis, glycolysis, …
Published in Emerging Trends in Metabolites · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 51–55 Read article
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Aquatic Ecosystems: A Review on Prospecting of Anticancer Molecules from Fungi & Other Microbes
Abstract: Marine biota; namely, actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, microalgae, green algae, oceanic weeds, mangroves, and other extremophiles constitute about 90% of the oceanic biomass. The organisms are taxonomically diverse, biologically productive/active, and biochemically unique. These unique biochemiques may act as a great source for the discovery of new bioactive molecules, including anticancer drugs. The marines produce medicinally potent biochemicals; namely, sulfated saccharides, polyphenols, and, sterols. Only a few of these alkaloids have …
Published in International Journal of Fungi · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–22 Read article
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Natural Occurrence and Isolation of Ampelomyces quisqualis (mycoparasite) Associated with Rose, Other Powdery Mildew Infecting Host Plants in Himachal Pradesh, India
Abstract: The presence of Ampelomyces spp. was quantified in naturally occurring powdery mildew infecting rose plants during the year 2015–2016. Powdery mildew infected rose samples were collected from the different rose-growing areas of Himachal Pradesh during the months of April–June and September–November. Relationships between Ampelomyces and Podosphaera pannosa were reported in four areas between September and November. Bilaspur, Mandi, Shimla, and Solan. However, there was no occurrence of Ampelomyces quisqualis in …
Published in International Journal of Fungi · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 23–28 Read article
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Exploring Moth Diversity in the Ecosystem of Mangalore University Campus, Karnataka
Abstract: The moth is one of the genera of insects of the order Lepidoptera, where butterflies share the same genus. They have nocturnal habits and a high attraction to light. Moths have various sizes, shapes, and colors, with many having duller colors. A study was conducted on the diversity of moth species in Mangalore University campus, Mangalore, Karnataka, for eight months (August 2006 to March 2007). We recorded 39 moths belonging …
Published in International Journal of Insects · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 22–29 Read article
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Rauwolfia Serpentina: A Comprehensive Phytochemical Study of Its Bioactive Metabolites
Abstract: Rauwolfia Serpentina is an important medicinal plant used in Ayurveda, Unani, and folk medicine system of medicine. This plant grew as a bush in company of other plants as an evergreen structure. It is commonly known as ‘Sarpaghanda’. in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine system. It is safe and effective for the treatment of snakebites and various types of disease like malaria, breast cancer, prostate cancer, high blood pressure, insomnia, epilepsy, …
Published in Emerging Trends in Metabolites · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 25–50 Read article