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Recent Trends in Sensor Research & Technology Review Article

IoT and Smart Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring: Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions

  1. Himank Sharma Department of Civil Engineering, Echelon Institute of Technology, Faridabad
  2. Preeti Department of Civil Engineering, Echelon Institute of Technology, Faridabad
  3. Garima Kanaujia Department of Civil Engineering, Echelon Institute of Technology, Faridabad

Abstract

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) plays a critical role in ensuring the safety, resilience, and sustainability of civil infrastructure systems. In recent years, the convergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and smart sensor systems has revolutionized the field of SHM. This integration enables continuous, real- time monitoring, facilitates predictive maintenance, and reduces the costs associated with structural inspections. IoT-based SHM frameworks leverage wireless sensor networks, cloud computing platforms, and intelligent data analytics to detect structural anomalies at an early stage, allowing proactive intervention and improved lifecycle management of infrastructure. Meanwhile, advancements in smart sensor technology—such as MEMS-based accelerometers, fiber optic sensors, and self-powered devices—have enhanced the sensitivity, accuracy, and durability of SHM systems. However, several challenges remain, including issues of energy efficiency, data security, network scalability, and ensuring the robustness of sensors in extreme environments. The emergence of technologies such as edge computing, digital twin integration, and machine learning-driven diagnostics is addressing many of these concerns and shaping the next generation of SHM solutions. This review paper systematically examines current trends in IoT-enabled SHM, recent technological advancements, and the key challenges that must be overcome. In addition, it highlights future directions aimed at developing scalable, intelligent, and resilient SHM systems for widespread adoption. By synthesizing existing knowledge and emerging solutions, this study provides valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to advance the field of IoT-based SHM.

Keywords

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