STM Journals Peer-reviewed research from Consortium e-Learning Network

Recent Trends in Programming languages

The Evolution of Programming Languages: A Survey from Early Achievements to Modern Advancements

  1. Ushaa Eswaran
  2. Vivek Eswaran
  3. Keerthna Murali
  4. Vishal Eswaran

Abstract

Programming languages are fundamental to software development, providing the means for developers to communicate instructions to computers. This study provides a broad overview of programming languages and their history, classifications, key elements, the compiler and interpreter systems that implement them, and notable trends driving innovation. It examines imperative, object-oriented, functional, logical, and scripting languages while exploring syntax, semantics, typing systems, abstraction, variables and bindings, control flow, and runtime environment considerations. The compilation and interpretation processes that translate high-level languages into machine code are delineated. Significant programming paradigms like procedural, structured, modular, declarative, concurrent, and event-driven models are surveyed. Modern developments such as increased support for parallelism and domains like artificial intelligence and data science have become robust areas of focus. The study synthesizes concepts central to understanding the landscape of computer languages spanning from foundational machinations to state-of-the-art advancements.

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