Impacts of Phthalate Plasticisers—An Emerging Issues and Concerns

Fathima Shincy; K. C. Chitra

Abstract

Phthalates or phthalic acid esters are the esters of phthalic anhydride used to increase the flexibility and durability of plastic products including polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Based on the molecular weight, phthalates are grouped into low and high phthalates that shows diverse applications and different mode of toxicity in various animals. The enormous production and widespread applications allow them to exist in all environments including air, water, and soil; in solid, liquid and gaseous samples as well as in fat and biological samples. The current review stated an overview on the contribution of phthalates on adverse developmental, behavioural, transgenerational, physiological, cytogenetic, neurotoxic, immunological, metabolic, hormonal, histological and reproductive effects in various animals. Since plasticizers have become an integral part of our daily life, recycling of phthalates from households and industries must be promoted to prevent an additional production and frequent discharge into the environment.

Abstract

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