Study-based Pharmacological Appraisal of Commiphora myrrha

Hina Fatima; Juveriya Naaz; Shagufta Anwar

Abstract

Myrrh is a highly aromatic resin exuded from the bark of various species of the Commiphora genus, such as Commiphora myrrha, Commiphora molmol, and Commiphora abyssinica. The name “Commiphora” is derived from the Greek words “kommi” and “phero” meaning “gum-bearing.” These trees are mainly found in arid regions of the Middle East and Africa. The resin is harvested by making incisions in the bark and allowing the sap to dry and harden into reddish-brown lumps or tears. Commiphora species have been used since ancient times for various purposes. In the food industry, myrrh is used as a flavouring agent in beverages, baked goods, and confectionery products. In cosmetics, it is used for its skin-nourishing and anti-ageing properties. In perfumery, myrrh is a popular ingredient in high-end fragrances due to its rich, woody aroma. Moreover, Commiphora species are also highly valued in traditional medicine for their antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and pain-relieving properties. They are used to treat various ailments such as wounds, fever, cough, and gastrointestinal disorders. Myrrh has been used for medicinal and wound-healing purposes since ancient biblical times. It has been linked to women’s health and purification rituals. Its medicinal use was first documented in China around AD 600 during the Tang dynasty. According to Avicenna, it was believed to have antiseptic properties and was applied over the dead body. The present review was aimed to provide an overview of Commiphora myrrha, including its ethnobotanical, pharmacognostic, traditional, chemical, pharmacological, and clinical aspects.

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