STM Journals Peer-reviewed research from Consortium e-Learning Network

Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Review Article

A Comprehensive Review On Panic Disorders

  1. P. N Somthane Dr. D Y Patil College Of Pharmacy, Akurdi
  2. Kiran.H Makhija Dr. D Y Patil College Of Pharmacy, Akurdi
  3. Aarati Rajaram Sonawane Dr. D Y Patil College Of Pharmacy, Akurdi
  4. Ashwini Gavit Dr. D Y Patil College Of Pharmacy, Akurdi
  5. Dr. N.S. Vyawahare Dr. D Y Patil College Of Pharmacy, Akurdi

Abstract

Panic disorder is a prevalent mental health condition characterized by sudden, recurring episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms. It is twice as likely to affect women and may have a genetic predisposition. This disorder stems from an exaggerated response of the body's survival mechanisms and hormones, impacting manifestations like agoraphobia. Additionally, it is associated with significant psychiatric comorbidity and impaired functioning in various roles. Recent research has delved into the neurobiology of common psychiatric disorders, particularly anxiety disorders, and their associated cognitive deficits. Studies have highlighted brain abnormalities in individuals experiencing fearful episodes, which can result in deficits in literacy and memory. The presence of anxiety and depression concurrently can further affect neuropsychological performance, although anxiety alone may not notably impact memory function. Understanding the interplay between anxiety, depression, and cognitive functioning is crucial for comprehensive treatment approaches in panic disorder and related conditions. This research sheds light on the complex mechanisms underlying these disorders and informs therapeutic interventions aimed at alleviating symptoms and improving overall quality of life.

Keywords

References (25)

  1. "Anxiety Disorders". Mental Health Information: Health Topics. National Institute of Mental Health. March 2016. Archived from the original on 29 September 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016. NIMH » Anxiety Disorders (archive.org)
  2. American Psychiatric Association (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 208–217, 938, ISBN 978-0890425558
  3. "Panic Disorder: When Fear Overwhelms". National Institute of Mental Health. 2013. Archived from the original on 4 October 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
  4. Craske MG, Stein MB. Anxiety. The Lancet. 2016;388(10063):3048-3059. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30381-6
  5. "F41.0 Panic disorder [episodic paroxysmal anxiety]". The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. World Health Organization. 2004 [1992]. p. 139. ISBN 92-4-154422-8.
  6. Herr NR, Williams JW, Benjamin S, McDuffie J. Does This Patient Have Generalized Anxiety or Panic Disorder? JAMA. 2014;312(1):78. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.5950
  7. "Panic disorder". UK National Heath Service. 16 February 2021.
  8. Craske MG, Kircanski K, Epstein A, Wittchen HU, Pine DS, Lewis-Fernández R, et al. Panic disorder: a review of DSM-IV panic disorder and proposals for DSM-V. Depression and Anxiety. 2010;27(2):93-112. doi:10.1002/da.20654
  9. Freire RC, Perna G, Nardi AE. Panic Disorder Respiratory Subtype: Psychopathology, Laboratory Challenge Tests, and Response to Treatment. Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 2010;18(4):220-229. doi:10.3109/10673229.2010.493744
  10. Diler RS, Birmaher B, Brent DA, Axelson DA, Firinciogullari S, Chiapetta L, et al. Phenomenology of panic disorder in youth. Depression and Anxiety. 2004;20(1):39-43. doi:10.1002/da.20018
  11. Jump up to:a b Frisch, N.; Frisch, L. (2006). Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing (3rd ed.). Canada: Thomson Delmar Learning. ISBN 9781401856441.[page needed]
  12. Healy (2009) Psychiatric Drugs Explained
  13. O’Mahony JF, Ward BG. Differences between those who panic by day and those who also panic by night. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 2003;34(3-4):239-249. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2003.10.001
  14. "Anxiety". Parkinson's Foundation.
  15. Khalsa SS, Lapidus RC. Can Interoception Improve the Pragmatic Search for Biomarkers in Psychiatry? Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2016;7. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00121
  16. Comer, Ronald (2014). Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology (7th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. p. 122. ISBN 978-1-4292-9563-5.
  17. Etkin A. Functional Neuroanatomy of Anxiety: A Neural Circuit Perspective. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences. 2009:251-277. doi:10.1007/7854_2009_5
  18. Clark, D.A.; Beck, A.T. (2011). The Anxiety and Worry Workbook: The Cognitive Behavioral Solution. Guilford Press. ISBN 9781606239186.
  19. Hawks E, Blumenthal H, Feldner MT, Leen-Feldner EW, Jones R. An Examination of the Relation Between Traumatic Event Exposure and Panic-Relevant Biological Challenge Responding Among Adolescents. Behavior Therapy. 2011;42(3):427-438. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2010.11.002
  20. "Panic Disorder and Pharmacological Treatment Options". Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  21. Flory JD, Yehuda R. Comorbidity between post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder: alternative explanations and treatment considerations. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 2015;17(2):141-150. doi:10.31887/dcns.2015.17.2/jflory
  22. Ludewig S, Geyer MA, Ramseier M, Vollenweider FX, Rechsteiner E, Cattapan-Ludewig K (January 2005). "Information-processing deficits and cognitive dysfunction in panic disorder". Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience. 30 (1): 37–43. PMC 543839. PMID 15644996.
  23. Katerndahl DA, Realini JP. Relationship between substance abuse and panic attacks. Addictive Behaviors. 1999;24(5):731-736. doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00078-1
  24. Akindipe T, Wilson D, Stein DJ. Psychiatric disorders in individuals with methamphetamine dependence: prevalence and risk factors. Metabolic Brain Disease. 2014;29(2):351-357. doi:10.1007/s11011-014-9496-5
  25. https://www.google.co.in/search?q=panic+disroder+defination&sca_esv=590880697&ei=Xfiz-serp
Support