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Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics Review Article

Investigation of Bio-Physical Interaction and Electrophoretic Properties of Fe3O4/DNA Nanocomposite and Colloids for Biomedical Application

  1. Gizachew Diga Milki Department of Physics, Jimma University, Jimma
  2. Akash Gupta Nanomaterials and Plasmonic Photoconductors, Department of Physics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU)

Abstract

In recent years, research on magnetic nanoparticles has gained significant attention. The core concept behind their physics lies in their interaction with biomolecules such as hemoglobin, DNA, and RNA. This study examines the fundamental forces involved in these interactions, including van der Waals attractions, electrostatic repulsion, thermal effects, and magnetic coupling between nanoparticles and biological molecules. To describe these interactions quantitatively, parameters such as zeta potential, magnetic moment density, and Gibbs free energy are analyzed using the DLVO (Derjaguin-Landau- Verwey-Overbeek) theory and DNA origami principles. These theoretical frameworks provide effective tools for understanding how nanoparticles interact with biomolecules. Furthermore, DLVO theory helps determine the aggregation and agglomeration behavior of nanoparticles and colloids, offering insights into their colloidal stability. Although DLVO theory primarily addresses electrostatic and van der Waals interactions, it is also used to approximate adhesive, steric, and magnetic interactions among nanoparticles. This makes it suitable for evaluating the stability of colloidal dispersions. On the other hand, the DNA origami model describes the systematic folding of a long single-stranded DNA molecule into well-defined structures using complementary short strands. By considering spherical interaction sites, relationships between key physical parameters, such as particle radius, surface area, zeta potential, and the distance between Helmholtz planes, can be established. Additionally, this research emphasizes the influence of surface and interfacial engineering on the binding behavior of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with DNA.

Keywords

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