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Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology Review Article

Cardiotoxicity Associated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Leukemias: An Overview of Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Management Strategies

  1. Rashmi H. R. Deptment of pharmaceutics, T. John College of Pharmacy
  2. Kishan A Deptment of pharmaceutics, T. John College of Pharmacy
  3. Sunitha M Deptment of pharmaceutics, T. John College of Pharmacy
  4. Ganesh n.s Deptment of pharmaceutics, T. John College of Pharmacy

Abstract

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have greatly enhanced the outlook for individuals diagnosed with Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemias, including chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, these therapeutic agents are associated with Cardiotoxicities and can manifest as left ventricular dysfunction, which may progress to heart failure, along with electrocardiographic abnormalities, dysrhythmias, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and thromboembolic events. The unclear frequency of drug-induced cardiovascular complications, coupled with uncertainties regarding their reversibility and long-term safety, highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach. This initiative should include collaboration among cardio-oncology specialists, primary care physicians, pharmacologists, and toxicologists. In this context, we focus on the cardiovascular events linked to targeted anticancer therapies by providing a brief overview of the mechanisms behind cardiotoxicity and offering clinical guidance for effective patient management. Cardiotoxicity is a notable concern in the treatment of Ph+ leukemia with Tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Vigilant cardiovascular monitoring, including baseline and periodic assessment of cardiac function, is crucial for early detection and management of cardiotoxic effects. Strategies to mitigate cardiotoxicity include optimizing cardiovascular risk factors and timely therapeutic interventions upon signs of cardiac dysfunction.

Keywords

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