Oncolytic Viruses (OV) Mediated Targeted Therapy to Eradicate Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): A Review

Padmanav Koushik; Jyotsna Dayma

doi:10.37591/rrjomv.v12i2.2967

Abstract

With the recent advances in scientific scenarios globally, an innovative introduction of cancer vaccines and a much safer and more effective way to eradicate cancer has been evolved. The viruses that are not severely harmful to the humans and do not recognize the human as their natural host can be deployed as an oncolytic virus to eradicate the malignancy either by killing or lysing the oncogenic cells or indirectly stimulating the immune system of the host to defend the prevailing cancerous condition of the body. The oncolytic virus-mediated immune therapy and oncolytic virotherapy are promising to remediate cancer and various malignancies all around. This review encapsulates the introduction to various oncolytic viruses, their mechanism of action, focussing on a deadly haematological and chromosomal malignancy called Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), which is the consequence of the abnormal translocation and mutated fusion of the BCR-ABL1 oncogene, which in turn enhances the formation of the BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase. This will convert the hematopoietic cells to abnormal CML cells. CML is a cancerous disease of the bone marrow and the blood cells, especially WBC, which can be clinically eradicated by the oncolytic approach of the adenovirus cloned with the Beclin-1 gene to lyse the malignant cells or to make the cancer cells susceptible to drug-based chemotherapy by breaking the rigid resistance of the cancer cells. Although the oncolytic viruses are many, their selection is based on viral invasion, transmission, replication, as well as proliferation inside the cancer cells and the capability of cell lysis. Beyond the numerous beneficial effects, the review also sheds light on the possible adverse effects of this innovative and sophisticated approach to cancer.

Abstract

Keywords