Global Prevalence of Salmonella-Mediated Gastroenteritis: A Brief Review

Mili Barik; Parna Gorai; Surojit Das

doi:10.37591/(rrjobi).v10i1.1425

Abstract

Salmonella-mediated gastroenteritis, which has a large impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide is a serious public health issue. Millions of instances of gastroenteritis are linked to Salmonella each year, making it the major cause of foodborne sickness worldwide. Salmonella belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family and is classified as a Gram-negative bacterium. It was named afterAmerican veterinary surgeon Daniel Elmer Salmon (1850–1914). In 2010, the World Health Organisation reported high case fatalities of up to 155,000 due to Salmonella-mediated gastroenteritis. The species of Salmonella infection are intracellular pathogens among which few are involved in human infections. Most infections are associated with zoonotic transmission due to ingestion of contaminated food by animal feces. More than 2600 serotype, the majority of Salmonella infections among human beings happen through Salmonella enterica subsp. There are two primary categories of Salmonella serotypes: Non-typhoidal and typhoidal. Non-typhoidal serotypes exhibit zoonotic characteristics, indicating their ability to be transmitted from animals to humans and also between human individuals. The vast majority of non-typhoidal serotypes resulting in gastroenteritis remain self-limiting severe Salmonellosis such as enteric fever, poses life-threatening systemic infection demanding prompt empirical antibiotic treatment. It is recommended to contain the causative agents of Salmonellosis, especially zoonotic transmissions for curbing the case fatalities. Rampant uses of antibiotics in food and food-producing animals are needed to restrict by maintaining the excellent food hygiene and water sanitation conditions. This review summarizes the global scenario of Salmonella-mediated gastroenteritis focusing on pathophysiology, source, transmission, prevention, and therapy.

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