STM Journals Peer-reviewed research from Consortium e-Learning Network

Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology Review Article

Robust Access Control Mechanisms Using VHDL Programming for IoT Security

  1. Jadhav Vaibhavi Kishor Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Brahmdevdada Mane Institute of Technology (BMIT), Solapur
  2. Kazi Kutubuddin Sayyad Liyakat Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Brahmdevdada Mane Institute of Technology (BMIT), Solapur

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) devices are increasingly becoming targets for criminal actors. A compromised device can result in data breaches, denial-of-service attacks, and even physical damage. While software-based security solutions are important, they are susceptible to attacks and often impose significant overhead, negatively impacting both performance and battery life. A viable alternative is provided by hardware-based security, which takes advantage of the inherent security benefits that are associated with dedicated hardware implementations. It is possible to greatly reduce the number of vulnerabilities that can be exploited through software by integrating security capabilities directly into the hardware. Virtual Hardware Description Language (VHDL) is a powerful language that enables designers to develop individualized hardware implementations that are tailored to specific security requirements. The growth of IoT devices necessitates the implementation of stringent security measures to protect sensitive data and prevent unauthorized access. This study investigates whether it is possible to use VHDL to construct hardware-based access control methods in IoT systems, as well as whether this approach is effective. A unique architecture for a VHDL-based access control module that is both flexible and resource-efficient is proposed by us. We demonstrate that this architecture has the capability to implement fine-grained access control regulations with low performance overhead. When compared to traditional software-based solutions, the results of the simulation demonstrate a considerable reduction in vulnerability to common software threats. Additionally, we conduct an analysis of the proposed VHDL implementation’s space and power consumption, highlighting the fact that it is suitable for IoT contexts that are limited in terms of resources. A strong argument is presented in this work to support the incorporation of hardware-based access control as an essential layer of defense in the process of protecting the IoT landscape.

Keywords

References (70)

  1. Jadhav M, Nerkar PM. FPGA-based finger vein recognition system for personal verification. Int J Eng Res Gen Sci. 2015;3:382–8.
  2. Nerkar PM, Shinde SS, Liyakat KK, Desai S, Kazi SS. Monitoring fresh fruit and food using IoT and machine learning to improve food safety and quality. Tuijin Jishu J Propuls Technol. 2023;44:2927–31.
  3. Khadake S, Kawade S, Moholkar S, Pawar M. A Review of 6G Technologies and Its Advantages Over 5G Technology. Techno-societal 2022. 2023:1043-1051. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-34644-6_107
  4. Patil VJ, Khadake SB, Tamboli DA, Mallad HM, Takpere SM, Sawant VA. Review of AI in Power Electronics and Drive Systems. 2024 3rd International conference on Power Electronics and IoT Applications in Renewable Energy and its Control (PARC). 2024:94-99. doi:10.1109/parc59193.2024.10486488
  5. Dudgikar AB, Ingalgi AAA, Jamadar AG, Swami OR, Khadake SB, Moholkar SV. Intelligent battery swapping system for electric vehicles with charging stations locator on IoT and cloud platform. Int J Adv Res Sci Commun Technol. 2023;3:204–8. doi:10.48175/IJARSCT7867.
  6. 2023 3rd International Conference on Smart Generation Computing, Communication and Networking (SMART GENCON). 2023. doi:10.1109/smartgencon60755.2023
  7. Patil VJ, Khadake SB, Tamboli DA, Mallad HM, Takpere SM, Sawant VA. A Comprehensive Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Integration in Electrical Engineering. 2024 5th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics (ICMCSI). 2024:484-491. doi:10.1109/icmcsi61536.2024.00076
  8. Khadake SB, Dolli SP, Rathod KS, Waghmare OP, Deshpande AV. An overview of intelligent traffic control system using PLC and use of current data of vehicle travels. JournalNX. 2021 Jan 31;:1-4. Available from: https://repo.journalnx.com/index.php/nx/article/view/739.
  9. Shraddha S Magar, Archana S Sugandhi, Shweta H Pawar, Suhas B Khadake, H. M. Mallad. Harnessing Wind Vibration, a Novel Approach towards Electric Energy Generation - Review. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology. 2024:73-82. doi:10.48175/ijarsct-19811
  10. Khadake SB, Padavale PV, Dhere PM, Lingade BM. Automatic hand dispenser and temperature scanner for COVID-19 prevention. Int J Adv Res Sci Commun Technol. 2023;3:362–7. doi:10.48175/IJARSCT11364.
  11. Landage SS, Chavan SR, Kokate PA, Lohar SP, Pawar MK, Khadake S. Solar outdoor air purifier with air quality monitoring system. In: Synergies of Innovation: Proceedings of NCSTEM 2023; 2023 September; Pandharpur, India. 2024. p. 260–266.
  12. Khadake SB. Detecting salient objects of natural scene in a video’s using spatio-temporal saliency & colour map. JournalNX. 2021;2:30–5. Available from: https://repo.journalnx.com/index.php/nx/ article/view/1070.
  13. Khadake SB. Detecting salient objects in a video’s by using spatio-temporal saliency & colour map. Int J Innov Eng Res .Technol. 2021;3:1–9. Available from: https://repo.ijiert.org/index.php/ijiert/ article/view/910
  14. Sawant VA, Bhosale PS, Kokare PD, Potdar DS, Waghmode SD. DTMF based irrigation water pump control system. Int Educ Res J. 2024 May;10(5):108-9.
  15. Korake P, Murade H, Doke R, Narale V, Khadake SB, Chavan AS. Automatic load sharing of distribution transformer using PLC. Synergies of Innovation. 2024;253–9. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383628063
  16. Suhas B khadake, Pranita J Kashid, Asmita M Kawade, Santoshi V Khedekar, H. M. Mallad. Electric Vehicle Technology Battery Management -Review. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology. 2023:319-325. doi:10.48175/ijarsct-13048
  17. Khadake SB, Chounde A, Gopnarayan BB, Patil KB, Kamble SS. Human Health Care System: A New Approach towards Life. Grenze Int J Eng Technol. 2024 Jun 15;10(2):5487–94.
  18. Khadake SB, Patil VJ, Mallad HM, Gopnarayan BB, Patil KB. Maximize farming productivity through Agriculture 4.0 based intelligence, with use of Agri Tech Sense advanced crop monitoring system. Grenze Int J Eng Technol. 2024;10(2):5127–34.
  19. Santoshi V Khedekar, Asmita M Kawade, Shradhha Shivaji Vyavahare, Pranita J Kashid, Chounde Amol B, Suhas B Khadake, et al. Solar Based Electric Vehicle Charging System-Review. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology. 2024:42-57. doi:10.48175/ijarsct-22705
  20. Akshay B Randive, SVERI’s College of Engineering (Poly), Pandharpur, India, Suhas B Khadake, Mallad H. M. Biodiesel: A Renewable Source of Fuel. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology. 2024:225-240. doi:10.48175/ijarsct-22836
  21. 2024 International Conference on Sustainable Communication Networks and Application (ICSCNA). 2024. doi:10.1109/icscna63714.2024
  22. Mulani AO, Bang AV, Birajadar GB, Deshmukh AB, Jadhav HM. IoT-based air, water, and soil monitoring system for pomegranate farming. Ann Agri Bio Res. 2024;29:71–86.
  23. Parihar B, Kiran A, Valaboju S, Rashid SZ, Liyakat KKS, D R ASL. Enhancing Data Security in Distributed Systems Using Homomorphic Encryption and Secure Computation Techniques. ITM Web of Conferences. 2025;76:02010. doi:10.1051/itmconf/20257602010
  24. Veena C, Sridevi M, Liyakat KKS, Saha B, Reddy SR, Shirisha N. HEECCNB: An Efficient IoT-Cloud Architecture for Secure Patient Data Transmission and Accurate Disease Prediction in Healthcare Systems. 2023 Seventh International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP). 2023:407-410. doi:10.1109/iciip61524.2023.10537627
  25. Sayyad Liyakat KK, Khadake SB, Tamboli DA, Sawant VA, M. MH, Sathe S. AI-Driven-IoT(AIIoT) Based Decision-Making- KSK Approach in Drones for Climate Change Study. 2024 4th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Intelligent Information Systems (ICUIS). 2024:1735-1744. doi:10.1109/icuis64676.2024.10866450
  26. Prasad KR, Karanam SR, Ganesh D, Liyakat KKS, Talasila V, Purushotham P. AI in public-private partnership for IT infrastructure development. The Journal of High Technology Management Research. 2024;35(1):100496. doi:10.1016/j.hitech.2024.100496
  27. Liyakat KKS. Detecting Malicious Nodes in IoT Networks Using Machine Learning and Artificial Neural Networks. 2023 International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics (ESCI). 2023:1-5. doi:10.1109/esci56872.2023.10099544
  28. Kasat K, Shaikh N, Rayabharapu VK, Nayak M, Sayyad Liyakat KK. Implementation and Recognition of Waste Management System with Mobility Solution in Smart Cities using Internet of Things. 2023 Second International Conference on Augmented Intelligence and Sustainable Systems (ICAISS). 2023:1661-1665. doi:10.1109/icaiss58487.2023.10250690
  29. Kazi K. AI-Driven IoT (AIIoT) in Healthcare Monitoring. Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts. 2024:77-101. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-0639-0.ch003
  30. Kazi K. Modelling and simulation of electric vehicle for performance analysis: BEV and HEV electrical vehicle implementation using Simulink for e-mobility ecosystems. In: LD N, Nagpal N, Kassarwani N, Varthanan V, Siano P, editors. E-Mobility in Electrical Energy Systems for Sustainability. Hershey (PA): IGI Global Scientific Publishing; 2024. p. 295–320. doi:10.4018/979- 8-3693-2611-4.ch014.
  31. Kazi KSL. Machine learning-powered IoT (MLIoT) for retail apparel industry. In: Tarnanidis T, Papachristou E, Karypidis M, Manda VK, editors. Sustainable Practices in the Fashion and Retail Industry. Hershey (PA): IGI Global Scientific Publishing; 2025. p. 345–72. doi:10.4018/979-8- 3693-9959-0.ch015.
  32. Kazi KSL. Braille-Lippi Numbers and Characters Detection and Announcement System for Blind Children Using KSK Approach. Driving Quality Education Through AI and Data Science. 2025:531-556. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-8292-9.ch023
  33. Kazi KSL. AI-Driven IoT (AIIoT)-Based Decision-Making System for High BP Patient Healthcare Monitoring. Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics. 2025:71-102. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7352-1.ch003
  34. Kazi KSL. Advancing Towards Sustainable Energy With Hydrogen Solutions. Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. 2025:357-394. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-8814-3.ch013
  35. Kazi KSL. AI-Driven-IoT (AIIoT) Decision-Making System for Hepatitis Disease Patient Healthcare Monitoring. Navigating Innovations and Challenges in Travel Medicine and Digital Health. 2025:433-452. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-8774-0.ch022
  36. Kazi KSL. Machine Learning-Based Pomegranate Disease Detection and Treatment. Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. 2024:469-498. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-3061-6.ch019
  37. Kazi KS. Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Ophthalmology. Advances in Healthcare Information Systems and Administration. 2024:112-135. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-3661-8.ch006
  38. Kazi KSL. IoT driven by machine learning (MLIoT) for the retail apparel sector. In: Tarnanidis TK, Papachristou E, Karypidis M, Ismyrlis V, editors. Driving Green Marketing in Fashion and Retail. Hershey (PA): IGI Global Scientific Publishing; 2024. p. 63–81. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693- 3049-4.ch004.
  39. Kazi KSL. AI-Driven-IoT (AIIoT)-Based Decision Making in Drones for Climate Change. Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics. 2024:311-340. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-6502-1.ch011
  40. Kazi KSL. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven IoT (AIIoT)-based agriculture automation. In: Satapathy S, Muduli K, editors. Advanced Computational Methods for Agri-Business Sustainability. Hershey (PA): IGI Global Scientific Publishing; 2024. p. 72–94. doi:10.4018/979- 8-3693-3583-3.ch005.
  41. Kazi KSL. Machine Learning-Driven Internet of Medical Things (ML-IoMT)-Based Healthcare Monitoring System. Advances in Healthcare Information Systems and Administration. 2024:49-86. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-6294-5.ch003
  42. Kazi KSL. Transformation of Agriculture Effectuated by Artificial Intelligence-Driven Internet of Things (AIIoT). Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services. 2024:449-484. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-6468-0.ch015
  43. KSK. Vehicle Health Monitoring System (VHMS) by employing IoT and sensors. Grenze Int J Eng Technol. 2024;10:5367–74. Available from: https://thegrenze.com/index.php?display=page& view=journalabstract&absid=3371&id=8.
  44. KSK. A novel approach on ML based palmistry. Grenze Int J Eng Technol. 2024;10:5186–93. Available from: https://thegrenze.com/index.php?display=page&view=journalabstract&absid= 3344&id=8
  45. KSK. IoT based boiler health monitoring for sugar industries. Grenze Int J Eng Technol. 2024;10:5178–85. Available from: https://thegrenze.com/index.php?display=page&view=journal abstract&absid=3343&id=8
  46. Keerthana R, K MV, Bhagyalakshmi K, Papinaidu M, V V, Liyakat KKS. Machine Learning Based Risk Assessment for Financial Management in Big Data IoT Credit. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2025. doi:10.2139/ssrn.5086671
  47. Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Systems. 2024. doi:10.52305/gomr8163
  48. Kazi KSL. Machine Learning (ML)-Based Braille Lippi Characters and Numbers Detection and Announcement System for Blind Children in Learning. Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing. 2024:16-39. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-3033-3.ch002
  49. Liyakat KKS. Machine Learning Approach Using Artificial Neural Networks to Detect Malicious Nodes in IoT Networks. Algorithms for Intelligent Systems. 2023:27-37. doi:10.1007/978-981-99-4577-1_3
  50. Liyakat Kazi KS. ChatGPT: An automated teacher’s guide to learning. In: Bansal R, Chakir A, Hafaz Ngah A, Rabby F, Jain A, editors. AI Algorithms and ChatGPT for Student Engagement in Online Learning. Hershey (PA): IGI Global Scientific Publishing; 2024. p. 1–20. doi:10.4018/979- 8-3693-4268-8.ch001.
  51. Kazi KSL. IoT technologies for the intelligent dairy industry: A new challenge. In: Thandekkattu SG, Vajjhala NR, editors. Designing Sustainable Internet of Things Solutions for Smart Industries. Hershey (PA): IGI Global Scientific Publishing; 2024. p. 321–50. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-5498- 8.ch012.
  52. Liyakat KKS. Heart Health Monitoring Using IoT and Machine Learning Methods. Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice. 2024:257-282. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-3212-2.ch010
  53. Kazi KSL. AI-Driven-IoT(AIIoT)-Based Decision Making in Kidney Diseases Patient Healthcare Monitoring. Advances in Healthcare Information Systems and Administration. 2024:277-306. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7277-7.ch009
  54. Liyakat KKS. Machine Learning Approach Using Artificial Neural Networks to Detect Malicious Nodes in IoT Networks. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. 2023:123-134. doi:10.1007/978-981-99-3932-9_12
  55. Pradeepa M, Jamberi K, Sajith S, Bai MR, Prakash A, Kutubuddin sayyad liyakat kazi. Student Health Detection using a Machine Learning Approach and IoT. 2022 IEEE 2nd Mysore Sub Section International Conference (MysuruCon). 2022:1-5. doi:10.1109/mysurucon55714.2022.9972445
  56. Kazi KSL, Mahant MA. Machine Learning-Driven Internet of Things (MLIoT)-Based Healthcare Monitoring System. Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice. 2024:205-236. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-9641-4.ch007
  57. Mulani AO, Liyakat KKS, Warade NS, Patil A, Kolte MT, Kinage K, et al. ML-powered Internet of Medical Things Structure for Heart Disease Prediction. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics. 2025. doi:10.1177/0976500x241306184
  58. Odnala S, Shanthy R, Bharathi B, Pandey C, Rachapalli A, Liyakat KKS. Artificial Intelligence and Cloud-Enabled E-Vehicle Design with Wireless Sensor Integration. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2025. doi:10.2139/ssrn.5107242
  59. Neeraja P, Kumar RG, Kumar MS, Liyakat KKS, Vani MS. DL-Based Somnolence Detection for Improved Driver Safety and Alertness Monitoring. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Computing, Power and Communication Technologies (IC2PCT). 2024:589-594. doi:10.1109/ic2pct60090.2024.10486714
  60. Magadum PK. Machine learning for predicting wind turbine output power in wind energy conversion systems. Grenze Int J Eng Technol. 2024;10:2074–80. Available from: https://thegrenze.com/index.php?display=page&view=journalabstract&absid=2514&id=8
  61. Nerkar PM, Dhaware BU. Predictive data analytics framework based on Heart Healthcare System (HHS) using machine learning. J Adv Zool. 2023;44(Special Issue 2):3673–86. Available from: https://jazindia.com/index.php/jaz/article/view/1695
  62. IOT-BASED SKIN HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM. International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences. 2024;13(11). doi:10.31032/ijbpas/2024/13.11.8488
  63. Sayyad Liyakat KK, Khadake SB, Chounde AB, Suryagan AA, H. M. M, Khadatare MR. AI-Driven-IoT(AIIoT) Based Decision Making System for High-Blood Pressure Patient Healthcare Monitoring. 2024 International Conference on Sustainable Communication Networks and Application (ICSCNA). 2024:96-102. doi:10.1109/icscna63714.2024.10863954
  64. Kazi KSL. AI-Powered-IoT (AIIoT)-Based Decision-Making System for BP Patient's Healthcare Monitoring. Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics. 2024:205-238. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-6502-1.ch008
  65. Kazi KSL. AI-powered IoT (AI IoT) for decision-making in smart agriculture: KSK approach for smart agriculture. In: Hai-Jew S, editor. Enhancing Automated Decision-Making Through AI. Hershey (PA): IGI Global Scientific Publishing; 2024. p. 67–96. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-6230- 3.ch003.
  66. Kazi KSL. KK Approach to Increase Resilience in Internet of Things. Advances in Information Security, Privacy, and Ethics. 2024:87-120. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-9491-5.ch005
  67. Kazi KSL. KK Approach for IoT Security. Advances in Information Security, Privacy, and Ethics. 2025:369-390. doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-0563-9.ch022
  68. Kazi KSL. Healthcare Monitoring System Driven by Machine Learning and Internet of Medical Things (MLIoMT). Advances in Healthcare Information Systems and Administration. 2025:385-416. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-6180-1.ch016
  69. Kazi KSL, Shinde SS, Nerkar PM, Kazi SS, Kazi VS. Machine Learning for Brand Protection. Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services. 2025:175-220. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7041-4.ch007
  70. Upadhyaya AN, Surekha C, Malathi P, Suresh G, Suriyan K, Liyakat KKS. Pioneering cognitive computing for transformative healthcare innovations. SSRN Electron J. 2025. doi:10.2139/ssrn. 5086894.
Support