Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology
Volume 16, Issue 1 (2026)
Table of contents
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Pharmacovigilance: The Silent Guardian of Patient Safety
Abstract: Pharmacovigilance is critical in protecting the populace health by monitoring, detecting and preventing adverse drug reaction (ADR) post drug approval. Although there is technological advancement and national initiatives such as the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), there is still a great problem of underreporting. Many benefits of effective pharmacovigilance include identification of risks early, better prescriptions and patient confidence. There are historical examples of drugs being withdrawn due to thalidomide, …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 01–05 Read article
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Immune Dysregulation and Cytokine Circuitry in Genital Endometriosis: Mechanistic Insights and Next-Generation Immunotherapeutic Strategies
Abstract: Genital endometriosis is increasingly recognized as an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder driven by complex interactions between dysregulated immune cells, cytokine hubs, and microbiome-derived modulators. This review introduces a novel “immune–cytokine circuitry” framework that unifies innate and adaptive immune abnormalities with key cytokine loops sustaining chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, neuroinflammation, and immune tolerance. Within this circuitry, macrophage polarization, dendritic cell immaturity, NK-cell anergy, Treg expansion, Th17 amplification, and B-cell–mediated autoimmunity converge to establish …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 06–16 Read article
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Cancer Chemotherapy-Induced Cachexia: Bridging Mechanisms, Management, and Future Therapies
Abstract: Involuntary weight loss, skeletal muscle atrophy, adipose tissue depletion, anorexia, and systemic inflammation are all symptoms of chemotherapy-induced cachexia, a complex illness. Although it is common, it remains poorly understood and is often referred to as an "orphan disease." This study covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and emerging treatment options for chemotherapy-induced cachexia. To comprehend the causes, clinical results, and therapeutic approaches, a literature-based synthesis of recent …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 17–26 Read article
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Understanding : Vitiligo A Skin Conditions Beyond Color
Abstract: Patches of skin that have lost their pigmentation are the hallmark of vitiligo, a chronic skin disorder. The afflicted skin patches turn white and typically have strong edges. Additionally, the skin's hair may turn white. There may also be issues with the inside of the mouth and nose. The rate at which skin conditions cause color loss is uncertain. When the cells that make melanin cease to function or die, …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 27–33 Read article
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A Review of Telepharmacy: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions
Abstract: Like telemedicine, telepharmacy is a relatively new term that describes the delivery of pharmacological services. While tele comes from the Greek word “Telos,” which means from a distance, medicine comes from the Latin word “Meden,” which means to heal. The National Association of Boards of Pharmacy defines telepharmacy as the use of information and communication technology to provide patients with pharmaceutical treatment from a distance. Clinical pharmacy services are provided …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 34–42 Read article
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Comprehensive Study and Triggering Factors of Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver
Abstract: Over the past few years, fatty liver disease has turned out to be a rather widespread phenomenon and has become a serious issue with the global population nowadays. It comprises alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which develop under the influence of various initiating factors, though frequently follow similar pathologies. The overloading of lipids in the hepatocytes in most cases will be the first sign of the …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 43–52 Read article
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Paediatric Epilepsy: Current Advances in Diagnosis and Management
Abstract: Paediatric epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders of childhood, characterised by recurrent unprovoked seizures resulting from abnormal neuronal activity. Accurate diagnosis is essential and is based on a detailed clinical history, seizure semiology, neurological examination, and electroencephalography (EEG), with neuroimaging such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) used to identify structural abnormalities. Classification according to seizure type and underlying aetiology genetic, structural, metabolic, immune, infectious, or unknown—guides …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 53–68 Read article
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GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Dual Therapeutic Strategy for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity
Abstract: For the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have become a revolutionary class of pharmaceutical drugs. These drugs were first created as glucose-lowering treatments, but they have now shown other advantages, such as notable weight loss, better cardiovascular results, and general metabolic control. The objective of this narrative review is to assess the pharmacological mechanisms, clinical efficacy, safety profile, and therapeutic …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 69–75 Read article
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A Systematic Review on Peptic Ulcer Disease and its Pharmacological Treatment
Abstract: A chronic gastrointestinal condition known as Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is typified by the formation of ulcers or mucosal erosions in the proximal duodenum and stomach. In the pathophysiology of PUD, the equilibrium between defensive processes like mucus and bicarbonate secretion, mucosal blood flow, and prostaglandin production, and aggressive factors such stomach acid secretion, pepsin activity, and Helicobacter pylori infection, is upset. Although stress and food have historically been blamed, …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 76–84 Read article
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Pharmacoeconomic Perspectives on Clinical Pharmacy Practice: Enhancing Cost Efficiency in Healthcare
Abstract: Pharmacoeconomics is an essential aspect of clinical pharmacy that determines the cost-effectiveness of drug treatment, which helps healthcare providers to allocate resources fully. This review discusses some of the notable pharmacoeconomic evaluation techniques, including Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA), Cost-Utility Analysis (CUA), and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), and their use in clinical decision-making. The paper also brings out the importance of clinical pharmacy intervention, such as Medication Therapy Management (MTM), patient counselling, and …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 85–91 Read article