Review of Hydroxyapatite Coating: Enhances Bioactivity and Osteoconductivity in Natural Hard Tissues

Purva Saxena

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA or HAP) of biologically (produced from coral, cattle, or marine algae) or synthetic origin is used to repair and regenerate bone in the form of granules, blocks, and scaffolds, either alone or in a composite with polymers or other ceramics, or as a coating on dental or orthopedics implants. From the perspective of enhancing bioactivity, numerous methods for surface alteration and its combinations have been suggested. The composite (HAp), an osteoconductive material, is one surface treatment technique covered in this paper's overview. Pyro processing and hydro processing are the two different categories of coating techniques. Utilizing hydro processing, HAp, carbonate apatite (CO3-Ap), a CO3-Ap/CaCO3 composite, HAp/collagen, and a HAp/gelatin composite are all used to coat titanium substrates. Evaluation using surface-modified samples implanted in rat tibiae is presented. The potential of hydroxyapatite (HA) coating to promote early bone regeneration to cementless prosthesis components served as the primary driving force behind their clinical use. The objective is to enhance the lengthy survival of knee replacements by increasing implant fixation and reducing particle migrating into the bone-to-implant interface.