STM Journals Peer-reviewed research from Consortium e-Learning Network

Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS Case Study

Impact of Urbanization on Biodiversity Hotspot: A Case of Bhubaneswar City

  1. Dibya Jyoti Mohanty Ravenshaw University, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack,
  2. Pravasini Behera Ravenshaw University, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack,
  3. Jajnaseni Rout Ravenshaw University, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack,

Abstract

Urbanization has contributed to pollution and generation of waste heat leading to changes in the urban heat balance thereby influencing its microclimate. Urban regions confront heightened heat wave conditions due to urban heat island (UHI) impact, which is a result of anthropogenic effects on both surface and atmospheric temperature patterns relative to the natural environment. The investigation was carried out in a 20-km radius around the city of Bhubaneswar. The goal of the project was to identify the built-up settlement area and potential causes that may be interfering with wildlife movement and activity in biodiversity hotspots, as well as to investigate the effects of urbanization on biodiversity in the 20 km buffer zone surrounding the city of Bhubaneswar. The remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technique is used for the research purpose. Three sets of time series data of the years 2004, 2014, and 2024 have been used to study the status of the study area. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), land use/land cover (LU/LC) analysis showing the vegetation and built up are growing tremendously. Urban expansion was a major driver of forest land loss in Bhubaneswar city region. The maximum NDVI value increased from 0.42 to 0.57 during the period due to plantation program done by the forest department and also the maximum NDBI value increased from 0.23 to 0.58. The biodiversity of the Chandaka and Bharatpur forest area is affected due to the expansion of the built-up area though huge plantation program has done for sustaining the natural resource and also the environment. Both the proportional cover and spatial pattern of developed land significantly affected forest fragmentation in the biodiversity areas.

Keywords

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