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Journal of Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Heating and ventilation Original Research

Renewable-Powered HVAC Systems: Advances in Solar, Bioenergy, and Heat Pump Technologies

  1. G. Sujay Kumar Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yenepoya Institute of Technology, Moodbidri

Abstract

The global demand for refrigeration, air conditioning, heating, and ventilation (HVAC) systems has increased rapidly due to population growth, urbanization, industrialization, and rising expectations for indoor thermal comfort. These systems account for a substantial share of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, primarily because they rely heavily on fossil-fuel-based electricity and thermal energy. Consequently, the decarbonization of HVAC and refrigeration sectors has become a critical component of global climate mitigation strategies. Renewable energy technologies—including solar, wind, bioenergy, geothermal, and hydropower—offer viable pathways to reduce emissions while ensuring reliable and efficient heating and cooling services. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current status, technological advancements, and sustainability aspects of renewable energy systems with specific emphasis on their application in refrigeration, air conditioning, heating, and ventilation. Recent progress in renewable-powered heat pumps, solar-assisted cooling technologies, geothermal heating systems, and district heating and cooling networks is discussed. The review also examines key challenges such as intermittency, thermal energy storage, system integration, material sustainability, and economic feasibility. Emerging solutions including advanced thermal storage, digitalized HVAC systems, and green hydrogen for heating and cooling applications are highlighted. The findings aim to support researchers, engineers, and policymakers in developing sustainable, energy-efficient HVAC systems aligned with long-term climate and energy goals.

Keywords

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