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Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology Original Research

Physicochemical Analysis of Oil Extracted from Raphia Sudanica Fruit Sold in Edu Local Government Area of Kwara State, North Central Nigeria

  1. Babatunde M.O. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia
  2. Mathew Olaleke Aremu Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia
  3. Jude C. Onwuka Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia
  4. Solomon J. Anzene Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia
  5. Tawakalitu L. Department of Chemistry, FAMSAS College of Health Technology
  6. Isaac Jato Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic N’yak Shandam

Abstract

Raphia sudanica, commonly called Raphia hookeri or bamboo palm fruit, is one of the most valuable species among known palm fruits found in Nigeria and is widespread in major parts of West Africa. In this study, oils extracted and analyzed from Raphia sudanica fruits (pulp and seed) revealed the respective physicochemical values; acid value (5.56, 6.10 mgKOH/g), peroxide value (2.44, 5.82 Meq/kg), iodine value (41.30, 68.10 gI₂/100 g), saponification value (184.90, 179.20 mgKOH/g), unsaponifiable matters (8.24, 1.54%), kinematic viscosity (81.20, 75.95 @40 mm²/s), specific gravity (0.925, 0.895 @15) and refractive index (1.469, 1.405 @40). The outcome of the study revealed that the nutritious parameters (acid value, peroxide value) are significantly within the SON/NAFDAC standards, which are indicators of good quality edible fruit oil, as compared to the iodine and saponification values of oil extracted from the seed. However, the non-nutritious parameters (unsaponifiable matters, kinematic viscosity) are above the established standards, while the results of specific gravity and refractive index are within the standard range. The paper, therefore, recommends that the Raphia hookeri fruit oil should be exploited for its industrial and nutritional benefits, while the high unsaponifiable matter should be further investigated for its specific triglyceride components. Additionally, the observed variations between pulp and seed oils highlight the influence of fruit anatomy on oil quality and functionality. This distinction supports targeted utilization of Raphia hookeri oils in specific nutritional and industrial applications, emphasizing the need for optimized extraction and refinement strategies. Further characterization of fatty acid composition and bioactive constituents will enhance product standardization, safety evaluation, and commercial viability.

Keywords

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