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Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology Original Research

Evaluation of the Emission and Engine Operability of Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends Produced from Alkali-Catalyzed Esterification and Transesterification of Jatropha Oil Feedstock

  1. Aghogho Mujakperuo Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Petroleum Resource, P.M.B 1221 Effurun
  2. Evuensiri Onoghwarite Ohimor Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Petroleum Resource, P.M.B 1221 Effurun

Abstract

This study reports on the engine performance analysis of biodiesel and blends produced from jatropha-based bio-oil feedstock via combined esterification and transesterification process, the physiochemical of the bio-oil, and subsequent biodiesel produced. Jatropha bio-oil was characterized to determine its fuel properties. A liquid phase transesterification reaction at 60 min reaction time, 50°C temperature, using a methanol-oil molar ratio of 40:1 and 0.35 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst was carried out on the conversion of jatropha bio-oil to biodiesel. The resulting biodiesel blends (B10, B20, B30, B40, and B100) were evaluated for their performance in a standard diesel engine in terms of sound level, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), engine power, and fuel consumption. Furthermore, the combustion characteristics of the biodiesel blends were analyzed, leading to the assessment of gaseous emissions, including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HCs), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and total volatile organic carbon (TVOC). The results showed that using biodiesel made from jatropha bio-oil and its blends greatly enhanced engine performance measures in comparison to traditional diesel. However, a significant decrease in NOx, HC, SO2, and CO emissions was observed under high load and engine speed of 1500 rpm, attributed to lower atomization, and viscosity of biofuel combustion temperatures. Lower emissions of CO and HCs were observed with a biodiesel blend percentage, indicating a cleaner combustion process. This research underscores the viability of jatropha biodiesel, and blend percentage as a sustainable alternative fuel, suggesting potential pathways for reducing reliance on fossil fuels while mitigating environmental impacts through lower emissions.

Keywords

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