Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies Review Article
Mathematical Modelling of a Sub-6 GHz Metamaterial-Inspired Absorber for Miniaturized 5G IoMT Microwave Sensors
Abstract
The rapid deployment of fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) environments has increased the demand for compact, efficient, and highly sensitive microwave sensing technologies capable of operating within the sub-6 GHz spectrum. This study presents the design and performance evaluation of a metamaterial-inspired electromagnetic absorber intended for miniaturized 5G IoMT microwave sensor applications. The proposed absorber employs a subwavelength patterned metallic resonator, dielectric substrate, and continuous metallic ground plane to achieve strong electromagnetic confinement and enhanced absorption. An equivalent LC circuit model is developed to establish the relationship between geometrical parameters and resonance frequency, while full-wave electromagnetic analysis is considered for evaluating reflection coefficient, absorption, impedance matching, electric-field enhancement, and surface- current distributions. Parametric optimization is performed by varying resonator dimensions, slot gap, substrate thickness, and periodicity to obtain a compact sub-6 GHz response. The sensing mechanism is established through dielectric loading, where variations in the permittivity of the target material produce measurable resonance-frequency shifts. Sensitivity, bandwidth, quality factor, and figure of merit are subsequently considered as principal performance indicators. The proposed architecture provides a promising foundation for compact, low-profile, and highly responsive microwave sensors for wireless biomedical monitoring and next- generation IoMT healthcare applications for future healthcare systems.
Keywords
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