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Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering Original Research

Fire Accidents and Mitigation Framework of Electric Vehicles in India

  1. Sagar Singh Chouhan Fire Technology and Safety Engineering, IPS Academy, Institute of Engineering & Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
  2. Hemendra Patil Fire Technology and Safety Engineering, IPS Academy, Institute of Engineering & Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Over the past decade, electric vehicles (EVs) have profoundly reshaped the global automotive industry, primarily due to significant advancements in lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery technology. However, the safety implications associated with high-energy Li-ion batteries, particularly the risk of fire, have emerged as a significant concern for EVs. This article focuses on recent developments in EV fire safety, particularly concerning thermal runaway and battery fires in Li-ion batteries. Instances of extreme misuse, such as improper operation or traffic accidents, can lead to thermal runaway or fire in Li-ion batteries, posing risks such as the release of hazardous gases, jet flames, and explosions. The review examines battery fires in various types of EVs, such as battery EVs, hybrid EVs, and electric buses. It also analyzes key properties of battery fires identified through testing in different EV fire scenarios. Suppressing EV fires becomes challenging once the onboard battery is involved due to the inaccessibility of the burning battery pack to external suppressants and the potential for re-ignition without proper cooling. This necessitates a significant amount of suppression agent to cool the battery, put out the fire, and prevent re-ignition. The review aims to provide insights for researchers and industries in battery technology, EVs, and fire safety engineering, encouraging collaborative research efforts and driving innovation to enhance the global safety of future EVs. Ultimately, addressing these concerns is essential for society to fully embrace EVs, akin to conventional vehicles, ensuring their safe integration into everyday transportation systems.

Keywords

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