Journal of Experimental & Applied Mechanics Original Research

Recent Trends in Rotary Kiln and Refractory Material Patterns in Cement Production: A Review Approach

  1. Suhas Padawe Department of Automation and Robotics, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering (YCCE), Nagpur
  2. G.M. Dhote Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering (YCCE), Nagpur
  3. Devendra Y. Shahare Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering (YCCE), Nagpur
  4. Amol Kinkar Calderys India Refractories Limited, Butibori Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC)

Abstract

The manufacturing of cement and other industrial operations depend heavily on rotary kilns, which use refractory materials to endure high temperatures and challenging chemical conditions. With an emphasis on their effects on durability and operating efficiency, this study looks at the most recent developments in rotary kiln technology and refractory material choices. Various rotary kiln designs, typical refractory material patterns, and the difficulties posed by kiln failures are all covered. The research emphasizes how crucial it is to maximize the performance of refractory linings in order to improve chemical resistance, reduce wear, and increase heat transmission. Additionally, simulation methods and mathematical modelling methodologies for rotary kiln process analysis are investigated, providing insights into energy optimization and efficiency enhancements. The potential of emerging technologies to enhance process sustainability is also examined, including digital twin models and microwave-assisted calcination. This study offers helpful advice for choosing suitable refractory materials and optimizing rotary kiln operation to achieve increased efficiency, lifespan, and environmental sustainability in cement production by examining important research and industry practices.

Keywords

References (24)

  1. Dixon W. Rotary kiln instrumentation. Ind Eng Chem. 1954;46(7):1436–41.
  2. Mungyeko Bisulandu BJR, Huchet F. Rotary kiln process: An overview of physical mechanisms, models and applications. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2023;221:119637. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119637
  3. Ramanenka D, Stjernberg J, Eriksson K, Jonsén P. Modelling of refractory brick furniture in rotary-kiln using finite element approach. In: 11th World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM XI), 5th European Conference on Computational Mechanics (ECCM V), 6th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECFD VI); 2014 Jul 20–25; Barcelona, Spain. Barcelona: International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE); 2014. p. 1199–1210. Available from: https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-40226.
  4. Zhou W, Yan W, Ma S, Schafföner S, Dai Y, Li Degradation mechanisms of periclase-magnesium aluminate spinel refractory bricks used in the upper transition zone of a cement rotary kiln. Constr Build Mater. 2021; 272: 121617. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S0950061820336217.
  5. del Coz Diaz JJ, Rodriguez Mazona F, Garcia Nieto PJ, Suarez Domingueza FJ. Design and Finite element analysis of a wet cycle cement rotary kiln. Finite Elem Anal Des. 2002; 39(1): 17–42.
  6. Ngako S, Mouangue R, Caillat S, Kuitche A, Saragba Numerical investigation of bed depth height, axial velocity and mean residence time of inert particles in steady state industrial cement rotary kiln: Case of Figuil Plant in Cameroon. Powder Technol. 2015; 271: 221–227. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003259101400905X.
  7. Kuzhin MF, Joshi A, Mittal V, Khatkar M, Guven U. Optimizing Waste Management through IoT and Analytics: A Case Study Using the Waste Management Optimization Test. BIO Web of Conferences. 2024;86:01090. doi:10.1051/bioconf/20248601090
  8. Ramos PAV, Albuquerque DMS, Pereira JC Enhancing the efficiency of Brown 24 pigment production through continuous microwave heating in conveyor belt and rotary kiln systems: A design and optimization study. Energy. 2024 Sep 01; 309: 133123. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544224028986.
  9. Janati KI, El Kennassi E. Failure studies on the support of rotary kilns and their thermal effect. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM). 2020;14(3):1041-1055. doi:10.1007/s12008-020-00671-y
  10. Kido H. Improving the combustion performance of lean hydrocarbon mixtures by hydrogen addition. JSAE Review. 1994;15(2):165-170. doi:10.1016/0389-4304(94)90027-2
  11. Mokoena T, Madyira MD, Babarinde TO, Akinlabi S Thermal Investigation of an Indirectly Heated Rotary Kiln. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng. 2018 Sep 10; 413(1): 012071. doi: 10.1088/ 1757-899x/413/1/012071.
  12. Ghoshdastidar PS, Bhargava G, Chhabra RP. COMPUTER SIMULATION OF HEAT TRANSFER DURING DRYING AND PREHEATING OF WET IRON ORE IN A ROTARY KILN. Drying Technology. 2002;20(1):19-35. doi:10.1081/drt-120001364
  13. Lin G, Zhang L, Yin S, Peng J, Li S, Xie F. Study on the calcination experiments of rare earth carbonates using microwave heating. Green Processing and Synthesis. 2015;4(4):329-336. doi:10.1515/gps-2015-0040
  14. Teja R, Sridhar P, Guruprasath Control and Optimization of a Triple String Rotary Cement Kiln using Model Predictive Control. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2016 Jan 01; 49(1): 748–753. doi:10.1016/j. ifacol.2016.03.146.
  15. Mittal A, Rakshit Energy audit and waste heat recovery from kiln hot shell surface of a cement plant. Therm Sci Eng Prog. 2020 Jun 16; 19: 100599. [Online]. Available: https://www.science direct.com/science/article/pii/S2451904920301177.
  16. Ali Khalifa S. Heat Balance Analysis in Cement Rotary Kiln. Advances in Applied Sciences. 2019;4(2):34. doi:10.11648/j.aas.20190402.11
  17. Stojic N, Karamarkovic R, Karamarkovic M, Nikolic M. Improving design and operating parameters of the recuperator for waste heat recovery from rotary kilns. Thermal Science. 2022;26(1PartB):717-734. doi:10.2298/tsci210410239s
  18. Yin Q, Chen Q, Du W, Ji X-L, Cheng Design requirements and performance optimization of waste heat recovery systems for rotary kilns. Int J Heat Mass Transfer. 2015 Oct 23; 93: 1–8. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931015009230.
  19. Pisaroni M, Sadi R, Lahaye D. Counteracting ring formation in rotary kilns. Journal of Mathematics in Industry. 2012;2(1). doi:10.1186/2190-5983-2-3
  20. Li Y, Ma P, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Wang Digital twin model for solid waste treatment in rotary kiln. Appl Therm Eng. 2025 Feb 01; 268: 125931. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S1359431125005228.
  21. Wang J, Ding J, Yu C, Liu Z, Deng C, Zhu Properties and corrosion mechanism of Al2O3–SiC–C refractories for hot metal ladle with high FeOx: Effect of in-situ MgAl2O4. Ceram Int. 2024 Mar 03; 50(11): 19137–19147. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0272884224009283.
  22. Fernando ED, Korda AA. Effect of Aluminum and Silicon Antioxidants Addition on Porosity, Cold Crushing Strength, Wear Resistance and Hydration Effect of Alumina Spinel Refractories. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019;547(1):012008. doi:10.1088/1757-899x/547/1/012008
  23. Luz AP, Pandolfelli VC. Artigo revisão: atuação dos antioxidantes em refratários contendo carbono. Cerâmica. 2007;53(328):334-344. doi:10.1590/s0366-69132007000400002
  24. Nandi DN. Future Trends in Application of Monolithic Refractories in the Cement Industry. Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society. 1983;42(6):164-168. doi:10.1080/0371750x.1983.10822658
Support