STM Journals Peer-reviewed research from Consortium e-Learning Network

Emerging Trends in Personalized Medicines Review Article

Personalized Medicine: the impact of ferrofluids, clinical procedures, strategies, applications,challenges, current trends, and reseach opportunities.

  1. Gizachew Diga Milki Jimma University

Abstract

Personalized medicine has shown progressive development and evolution in health care systems. It is considered as transformative emerging medicine encorporating advanced technologies including genomics, AI as thinking partner, and nanotechnology in a greater extent. The quest for painless injection, lesstoxicity, rapid cell separation, and gene sequencing make ferrofluid the focus of personalized medicine. Currently, magnetic nanoparicles and ferrofluides are becoming driving force of personalized medicine. However, contronlling and managing nanoscale toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles and ferrofluids is challenging due to several factors. Thus, diagnosizing the underlying problems related to nanotoxicity effects, synthesis procedures, and design of magnetic nanoparticles and ferrofluids is primary important. This research, therefore delves into assessment of nanoscale properties and functionality of magnetic nanoparticles and ferrofluids for efficient personalized medicine.To this end, unrevaling the potential role of green synthesis methods, magnetic nanoparticles, and ferrfluids as therapeutic agent, diagnostic, and targeted drug delivery is visualized. A strategies such a streamlined approach, pharmacologices, genometic & AI technologies, are proposed to resolve the major challenges encountered in accelerating the research and developments in personalized medicine. Moreovers, the research acces the current trends, emerging technologies, and research progress involving ferrofluids and development of personalized medicine is focused.

Keywords

References (53)

  1. Prakash A. Advances in Personalized Medicine: Implications for Healthcare. Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences . 2024, Vol. 15, Issue 5, doi:10.14303/2141-9477.2024.112.
  2. Stefanicka-Wojtas D, Kurpas D. Personalised Medicine—Implementation to the Healthcare System in Europe (Focus Group Discussions). Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2023;13(3):380. doi:10.3390/jpm13030380
  3. Taherdoost H., and Ghofrani A., AI's role in revolutionizing personalized medicine by reshaping pharmacogenomics and drug therapy. Intelligent Pharmacy, 2024, Vol. 2, 5 Pages, 643-650.
  4. Cutter GR, Liu Y. Personalized medicine. Neurology Clinical Practice. 2012;2(4):343-351. doi:10.1212/cpj.0b013e318278c328
  5. Mehta M, Bhandari A. Advancement in biomedical applications of ferrofluids. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering. 2025;47(10). doi:10.1007/s40430-025-05806-4
  6. Buzdin A. Molecular Pathway Analysis Using High-Throughput OMICS Molecular Data. Academic press. Elsevier, 2024, 1st edt., ISBN: 9780443155680.
  7. NHS, England, Medical directorate, medicine, diagnosis and personalized Medicine, Policy Unit, Ellen Graham, 7 September, (2016), 18 pages.
  8. Issa AM. Personalized medicine and the practice of medicine in the 21st century. Mcgill J Med. 2007 Jan;10 (1): 53 -7.
  9. Junaid SB, Imam AA, Balogun AO, De Silva LC, Surakat YA, Kumar G, et al. Recent Advancements in Emerging Technologies for Healthcare Management Systems: A Survey. Healthcare. 2022;10(10):1940. doi:10.3390/healthcare10101940
  10. Amine, Bahhou. “The Power of Molecular Diagnosis in Modern Medicine” J Mol Genet Med 19 (2025): 712.ISSN: 1747-0862
  11. Brunel University London. (2024, March 08).What is personalised medicine? Challenges, benefits, future. Life Sciences. https://www.brunel.net/en/blog/life-sciences/personalised- medicine.
  12. Ruan Q. et al. Digital-WGS: Automated, highly efficient whole-genome sequencing of single cells by digital microfluidics. Science Advances 9 Dec 2020 Vol 6, Issue 50. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abd64
  13. Perez-Riverol Y, Bittremieux W, Noble WS, Martens L, Bilbao A, Lazear MR, et al. Open-Source and FAIR Research Software for Proteomics. Journal of Proteome Research. 2025;24(5):2222-2234. doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c01079
  14. Jamalinia M, Weiskirchen R. Advances in personalized medicine: translating genomic insights into targeted therapies for cancer treatment. Annals of Translational Medicine. 2025;13(2):18-18. doi:10.21037/atm-25-34
  15. Mishra P, Raghuram G, Bhargava A, Pathak N. Translation research in molecular disease diagnosis: Bridging gap from laboratory to practice. Journal of Global Infectious Diseases. 2011;3(2):205. doi:10.4103/0974-777x.81705
  16. Ng K, Sun J, Hu J, Wang F. Personalized Predictive Modeling and Risk Factor Identification using Patient Similarity. AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc. 2015 Mar 25;2015:132-6.
  17. Sassi Z, Eickmann S, Roller R, Osmanodja B, Burchardt A, Tretter M, et al. Human-centered AI in healthcare: empowering patients and support persons in clinical decision-making. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. 2025;25(1). doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03298-9
  18. Nassar M. Streamlining drug development with conversational AI-powered knowledge graphs: From preclinical discovery to clinical trials. 2024. doi:10.7490/f1000research.1120065.1
  19. Mariacristina Gagliard, et al. Molecularly Imprinted Biodegradable Nanoparticles. Scientific Report. 2017,7(1):40046. Doi. 10.1038//srep/ 40046.
  20. Popova V, Dmitrienko E, Chubarov A. Magnetic Nanocomposites and Imprinted Polymers for Biomedical Applications of Nucleic Acids. Magnetochemistry. 2022;9(1):12. doi:10.3390/magnetochemistry9010012
  21. Golubnitschaja O, Kinkorova J, Costigliola V. Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine as the hardcore of ‘Horizon 2020’: EPMA position paper. EPMA Journal. 2014;5(1). doi:10.1186/1878-5085-5-6
  22. Na Duma T, Humaidi S, Hamid M, Amiruddin E, Rianna M, Novita N. Enhanced Cancer Biomarker Detection using Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Surface Modifications and Diagnostic Applications: A Review. Trends in Sciences. 2024;21(11):8519. doi:10.48048/tis.2024.8519
  23. Hopkins CE. Emerging technologies in personalized medicine. Molecular Aspects of Medicine. 2023;91:101182. doi:10.1016/j.mam.2023.101182
  24. Bloxham, Kenny. "A new era for Healthcare Communications: Introducing Webex Connect for healthcare." Webex CPaaS Solutions, 25 Feb. 2025, https://cpaas.webex.com/blog/a-new-era- for-healthcare-communications-introducing-webex-connect-for-healthcare.
  25. Alghamdi, M.A.; Fallica, A.N.; Virzì, N.; Kesharwani, P.; Pittalà, V.; Greish, K. The Promise of Nanotechnology in Personalized Medicine. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 673.
  26. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm.12050673.
  27. Man Y, Liu Y, Chen Q, Zhang Z, Li M, Xu L, et al. Organoids‐On‐a‐Chip for Personalized Precision Medicine. Advanced Healthcare Materials. 2024;13(30). doi:10.1002/adhm.202401843
  28. Goetz LH, Schork NJ. Personalized medicine: motivation, challenges, and progress. Fertility and Sterility. 2018;109(6):952-963. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.006
  29. Riemann LT, Ataian M, Hähner FPS, Roth B, Knurr A, Kamitz A, et al. Streamlining and Accelerating the Molecular Tumor Board Process at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. Targeted Oncology. 2025;20(4):725-735. doi:10.1007/s11523-025-01160-6
  30. Minuti AE, Stoian G, Herea DD, Radu E, Lupu N, Chiriac H. Fe-Cr-Nb-B Ferrofluid for Biomedical Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Apr 27;12(9):1488. doi:
  31. 3390/nano12091488.
  32. Gawad C, Koh W, Quake SR. Single-cell genome sequencing: current state of the science. Nature Reviews Genetics. 2016;17(3):175-188. doi:10.1038/nrg.2015.16
  33. Patel.h H. Ferrofluid and cancer, Medical life science, News letter. 2019.
  34. Hayashi K, Sakamoto W, Yogo T. Smart Ferrofluid with Quick Gel Transformation in Tumors for MRI‐Guided Local Magnetic Thermochemotherapy. Advanced Functional Materials. 2016;26(11):1708-1718. doi:10.1002/adfm.201504215
  35. Nowak-Jary J, Machnicka B. Toxicity of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Medicine: Contributing Factors and Modern Assessment Methods. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025;26(17):8586. doi:10.3390/ijms26178586
  36. Guan W, Gao H, Liu Y, Sun S, Li G. Application of magnetism in tissue regeneration: recent progress and future prospects. Regenerative Biomaterials. 2024;11. doi:10.1093/rb/rbae048
  37. European Society of Radiology (ESR). Medical imaging in personalised medicine: a white paper of the research committee of the European Society of Radiology (ESR). Insights into Imaging. 2015;6(2):141-155. doi:10.1007/s13244-015-0394-0
  38. Arndt N, Tran HDN, Zhang R, Xu ZP, Ta HT. Different Approaches to Develop Nanosensors for Diagnosis of Diseases. Advanced Science. 2020;7(24). doi:10.1002/advs.202001476
  39. Minuti AE, Stoian G, Herea DD, Radu E, Lupu N, Chiriac H. Fe-Cr-Nb-B Ferrofluid for Biomedical Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Apr 27;12(9):1488. doi:
  40. 3390/nano12091488.
  41. Shi S, He S, Lin Q, Sun S. Magnetic Nanocomposite Hydrogels in Orthopedics: Applications and Perspectives. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2025;Volume20:15379-15394. doi:10.2147/ijn.s539423
  42. Chang W, Meng Z, Zhao Y, Qi Y, Li Z, Lian H. Emerging Nanotechnology Strategies for Obesity Therapy. Advanced Science. 2025;12(32). doi:10.1002/advs.202501813
  43. Thwala LN, Ndlovu SC, Mpofu KT, Lugongolo MY, Mthunzi-Kufa P. Nanotechnology-Based Diagnostics for Diseases Prevalent in Developing Countries: Current Advances in Point-of-Care Tests. Nanomaterials. 2023;13(7):1247. doi:10.3390/nano13071247
  44. Oehlsen O et al. Approaches on Ferrofluid Synthesis and Applications: Current Status and Future Perspectives. ACS Omega,. 2022, 7, 3134-3150. https://doi. Org/10. 1021/acsomega.1c05631.
  45. Mukherjee S, Suleman S, Pilloton R, Narang J, Rani K. State of the Art in Smart Portable, Wearable, Ingestible and Implantable Devices for Health Status Monitoring and Disease Management. Sensors. 2022;22(11):4228. doi:10.3390/s22114228
  46. Rachel Sasha. (2022). Wireless Health Monitoring Systems for Remote Patient Care Enabling Real-Time Data Transmission and Timely Medical Intervention. International Journal of Medical Electronics (IJME), 3(1), 1- 6.
  47. Rasch, D., M. Privacy and Security in the world of Precision Medicine. GPSOLO. 2021, Vol - 38, No - 4, Page 54-55.
  48. Price WN, Cohen IG. Privacy in the age of medical big data. Nature Medicine. 2019;25(1):37-43. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0272-7
  49. Yousuf R, Fauzi A, Akter S, Azarisman S, Marzuki O. Religious and Spiritual Beliefs and Practices in Medicine: An Evaluation in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Malaysia. Ibrahim Medical College Journal. 2010;4(1):4-8. doi:10.3329/imcj.v4i1.5927
  50. Raza S. et al. he personalised medicine technology landscape. PHG Foundation, University of Cambridge, 2018,978-1-907198-31-1.
  51. Houston L, Probst Y, Yu P, Martin A. Exploring Data Quality Management within Clinical Trials. Applied Clinical Informatics. 2018;09(01):072-081. doi:10.1055/s-0037-1621702
  52. Hosseini Aghouzi SM, Yildiz E, Mordogan F, Erdem A. Biosensing of single-nucleotide polymorphism: Technological advances and their transformative applications on health. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 2025;279:117385. doi:10.1016/j.bios.2025.117385
  53. Pacheco-Barrios K, Ortega-Márquez J, Fregni F. Haptic Technology: Exploring Its Underexplored Clinical Applications—A Systematic Review. Biomedicines. 2024;12(12):2802. doi:10.3390/biomedicines12122802