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Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering Review Article

An Extensive Analysis of CO₂ Capture Technologies and Advanced Sorbent Materials: Advances, Difficulties, and Prospects for The Future

  1. Rakhi Bhagwat ✉ Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, J.D. Patil Sangludkar Mahavidyalaya, Daryapur, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
  2. Vijaya Sangawar Professor, Department of Physics, Gov. Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Siddhivinayak Nagar, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
  3. Sushil Charpe Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, J.D. Patil Sangludkar Mahavidyalaya, Daryapur, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
  4. Roshani N. Bhagat Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Rajarshee Shahu Science College, Chandur Railway, District Amravati, Maharashtra, India
  5. Sujata Meshram Research Scholar, Department of Physics, Gov. Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Siddhivinayak Nagar, Amravati, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Since industrialization, anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions have significantly grown, resulting in serious environmental effects such ice loss, ocean acidification, climate change, and ecosystem disturbance. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are therefore crucial to reaching global decarbonization targets, especially for difficult-to-abate industrial sectors. A thorough overview of CO₂ capture pathways, including post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion processes, is provided in this paper. Additionally, the performance and application of the existing separation techniques—absorption, adsorption, membrane-based systems, and cryogenic strategies—are examined. Because of their porosity, adjustable surface characteristics, and potential for energy-efficient regeneration, advanced solid sorbent materials like zeolites, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and activated carbon are given particular attention. High costs, stability issues, and large-scale deployment difficulties persist despite notable advancements. Lastly, research directions for improving material durability, recyclability, and integration into industrial CCS systems are emphasized.

Keywords

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