1 publication

• Published Open access Original Research 8 Oct 2025

  Influence of Carbonyl Iron Particle Loading on the Dimensional and Rheological Properties of 4D-Printed TPU-Based Magnetorheological Elastomers

  By Ahmad Fitri Sukarman, Norasyidah Mohd Noh, Nurulhuda Khalid, Saiful Amri Mazlan, Mohd Aidy Faizal Johari, Muhammad Farhan Mohamad Fitri, Shahir Mohd Yusuf, Nur Azmah Nordin, Abdul Yasser Abd Fatah

  Abstract: The advancement of 4D printing technologies has created new opportunities for fabricating smart materials with tunable properties, including magnetorheological elastomers (MREs). This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based MREs with varying carbonyl iron particle (CIP) loadings (10–50 wt.%) using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) method. MRE filaments were produced through a solvent-assisted mixing and extrusion process, ensuring consistent diameters within 1.75 ± 0.10 mm. Test specimens …

  Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 127–138 Read article →