2 publications

• Published Subscription 20 Jan 2021

  A Review of Fire Retardants for Commercially Important Polyurethane Foams

  By Harpal Singh

  Abstract: The review covers various additive and reactive fire retardants used to render flexible and rigid polyurethane foams fire retardant. Literature sources are mostly from technical publications, patents, books and handbooks since 1962. Various fire retardants such as phosphorus-containing compounds, halogen-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing additives, silicone-containing products and miscellaneous organic and inorganic additives have been used to render polyurethane foams fire retardant. Some heatresistant groups such as carbodiimide, isocyanurate and nitrogen-containing heterocycles …

  Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2013 · pp. 1–36 Read article →

• Published Subscription 9 Apr 2019

  Investigation on Properties of Water and Methylene Chloride Blown Rigid Polyurethane Foam

  By Harpal Singh

  Abstract: Physical properties are important parameters which influence the other properties and performance of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF). Water and methylene chloride are the important ingredients of RPUF which act as blowing agents and influence the density, morphology and fire properties. RPUF samples were prepared from crude 4, 4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (CMDI), polyether polyol, triethylene diamine (TED), 1, 4-butane diol, polysiloxane ether, water and methylene chloride. RPUF with different densities were prepared …

  Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 46–54 Read article →