capillary instability
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A Nonlinear Galerkin Reduced-Order Model for Liquid Jet Breakup Dynamics and Satellite Droplet Formation
Abstract: Liquid jet breakup is a complex nonlinear free-surface phenomenon governed by the coupled effects of inertia, viscosity, and surface tension. Accurate prediction of jet evolution and satellite droplet formation remains challenging due to the computational cost associated with resolving rapidly evolving interfaces and multiscale breakup dynamics. In this work, a physics-based Galerkin reduced-order model is developed to describe the nonlinear dynamics of liquid jets using a low-dimensional representation of the …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 16, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 34–66 Read article