In proposed method a new optimization algorithm based on cosine mapping is introduced for radar pulse compression. The algorithm generate optimal chaotic biphase sequence having good autocorrelation and cross correlation properties. The sequence produces inherently small side lobes in autocorrelation function (ACF) of matched filter. Reduced values of side lobe level signify the optimal values of merit factor (MF) and peak side lobe level (PSL) and hence enhancement in radar range resolution and maximum range of detection occur. Optimal values of MF and PSL are desirable in radar system. The sequence is generated based on merit factor to reduce the value of peak side lobe level. A comparison between new Golay complementary pair of sequences and proposed method is also made and it is observable the generated sequences produced better result than new Golay code. Keywords: Cosine mapping, biphase sequence, MF, PSL, ACF, pulse compression, golay codeCite this Article Satyendra Raghuvanshi, Vandana Vikas Thakare. A New Optimal Biphase Pulse Compression Codes Based on Cosine Mapping. Recent Trends in Electronic & Communication Systems. 2015; 2(2): 20–25p.