Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology Original Research
Advances in Spectrophotometric Determination of Osmium: Role of Organic Reagents in Trace Analysis and Speciation
Abstract
Osmium, a rare and highly toxic platinum-group metal, requires accurate and sensitive analytical determination due to its industrial importance and environmental hazards, particularly in the form of osmium tetroxide (OsO₄). Spectrophotometric techniques remain among the most versatile and cost-effective approaches for osmium analysis. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of spectrophotometric methods employing a wide range of organic reagents, including sulfur-containing ligands, azo dyes, flavonoids, nitroso compounds, phenolics, and advanced catalytic systems. A total of 50 reagents are critically discussed with respect to their structural characteristics, coordination mechanisms, analytical performance, and applicability. Special emphasis is placed on sensitivity enhancement, selectivity, and recent developments such as derivative and catalytic spectrophotometry. The review also outlines current challenges and future directions in osmium analysis.
Keywords
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