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  • Published Subscription Original Research

    Physiographic, Climatic, and Hydrogeological Determinants of Urban Flooding in Bhopal: A Spatial Assessment

    Abstract: Bhopal, capital city of Madhya Pradesh, is uniquely shaped by hilly terrain, lake systems, and complex hydrogeological characteristics, which historically supported efficient natural drainage. However, rapid urbanization, encroachment, and alterations in land use have increasingly disrupted these natural systems, amplifying the city’s susceptibility to urban flooding. The city’s physiography, defined by five major hills, undulating slopes, and a network of natural drainage channels, directs runoff toward low-lying zones that frequently …

    Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 25–32 Read article

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